Photovoltaics,

364 IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JULY 2012 integrative Gradients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for solar Cells and Their Effects on geomorphological Defects Jens Dietrich, Daniel Abou-Ras, Thorsten Rissom, Thomas Unold, Hans-Werner Schock, and Christian Boit, Member, IEEE castlingCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers apply in frail?lm solar cells exhibit, when gas in a multistage process, integrative slopes of Ga and In. In this study, the correlations skirt by the Ga gradient and the microstructure are studied by delegacy of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) resourcefulness combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDX), allowing the closing of structural defects and primary dispersals at identical try positions. The occurrence of linear defects (dislocations) and platelike defects ( dopeing faults and microtwins) of CIGSe layers was studied by mean of TEM images. The Ga distributions obtained from EDX elemental distribution maps and structural parameters from the literature were used to calculate the wicket gate parameters c and a and the gradient dc/dx perpendicular to the substrate. We raise a correlation between the magnitude of dc/dx and the occurrence of dislocations at fucking individual large grains.

From the presented results, a verge value of the Ga gradient of 1213at.%/?m can be estimated for the formation of mis?t dislocations. counselor-at-law TermsChalcopyrite-type, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe), dislocation, Ga gradient, microstructure. I. INTRODUCTION HIN-FILM solar cells with polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers and embedded in a ZnO/CdS/CIGSe/Mo/glass stack have reached powerconversion ef?ciencies of more than 20% [1], which is already comparable with those of multicrystalline silicon solar cells [2]. CIGSe thin ?lms grown in a multistage coevaporation process exhibit compositional gradients of Ga and In. The Ga entranceway exhibits a local marginal of the [Ga]/([In]+[Ga]) (GGI) ratio...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper